Beyond Green: Domain-Aware Self-Validated Instance Counting for Loropetalum and Non-Green Ornamental Species using Annotation-Free Robustness Metrics

A deployment-oriented evaluation framework for dense UAV canopy imagery, where robustness matters as much as raw accuracy.

Harshitha Manjunatha¹, Prabha Sundaravadivel², Shekhar Suman Borah², Lakshman Tamil¹, Patricia R. Knight³, H. Allen Torbert⁴, Siva P. Kumpatla⁴

¹The University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA | ²The University of Texas at Tyler, TX, USA | ³Mississippi State University, USA | ⁴USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), USA